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Apple MacBook Pro 13 inch 2010-04

Notebook Özellikleri

Apple MacBook Pro 13 inch 2010-04
Apple MacBook Pro 13 inch 2010-04 (MacBook Pro 13 Seri)
İşlemci
Intel Core 2 Duo P8600 2 x 2.4 GHz, Penryn
Grafik kartı
NVIDIA GeForce 320M, Çekirdek: 450 MHz, Bellek: 950 MHz, 256MB shared memory, 196.82
Bellek
4 GB 
, DDR3
Görüntü
13.30 inç 16:10, 1280 x 800 pixel, parlak: evet
Anakart
NVIDIA MCP89
Harddisk
Hitachi Travelstar 5K500 HTS545025B9SA02, 250 GB 
, 5400 rpm
Ses kartı
Cirrus Logic CS4206A
İşletim sistemi
Apple Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
Ek özellikler
12 Ay Garanti
Ağırlık
2.04 kg
Fiyat
1149 Euro

 

Price comparison

Ortalama Puan: 79.5% - iyi
Ortalama 22 puan 31 (incelemeden)
fiyat: 67%, performans: 72%, özellikler: 85%, görüntü: 76% mobilite: 84%, işcilik: 94%, ergonomi: 88%, emilim: 85%

İnceleme Yapılan Cihaz: Apple MacBook Pro 13 inch 2010-04

80% Test: MacBook Pro 13″
Kaynak: Ingame İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Die „neue“ Version des Apple MacBook Pro 13“ ist eine runde Sache und mit Abstrichen eignet sich das MacBook auch zum Spielen. Dabei trübt nicht die Hardware den Gesamteindruck, sondern die Außentemperatur des Gerätes und die Lautstärke des Lüfters. Ein weiterer Punkt ist, dass das weiße MacBook technisch identisch mit dem MacBook Pro ist, jedoch einen knapp 200€ günstigeren Preis hat.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 11/01/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80% fiyat: 70% işcilik: 90% ergonomi: 90%
Apple MacBook Pro 13
Kaynak: AnandTech İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Apple products tend to be tough to give a conclusion on. There’s the style factor, the (lack of) value factor, the fanboy factor, the OS X factor (for Macs), etc. Macs are divisive products—the people who use them love them, but for every person that loves a Mac there’s two more that wish all things Apple would burn in hell. So lets start with the easier part of the conclusion: if you need an OS X portable and think the MBP15 is too large, the 13” MacBook Pro is the one to get.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 10/14/2010
Puanlama: fiyat: 80% görüntü: 80%
60% Apple 2010 MacBook Pro 13 Ultraportable Laptop PC
Kaynak: Comp Reviews İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Apple's 2010 revision of the MacBook Pro 13 falls short of what the company did for its larger siblings. Performance lags behind because of the dated Core 2 Duo processor. It only makes sense to get this current model if you need the long battery life in a compact form that includes an optical drive and durable design. The price is a bit high for the performance and I would really recommend holding off until Apple finally brings the Core i3 processor to it.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 09/08/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 60%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 13in (Mid 2010) review
Kaynak: Tech Advisor İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
You can save half a kilo on the 15in version with the 13in Apple MacBook Pro, although last season's CPU and integrated graphics means you lose the faster performance. Yet the baby MacBook Pro still offers build quality, attention to detail and software unmatched by comparable Windows notebooks.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 08/26/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80% fiyat: 70% özellikler: 80% işcilik: 90%
Apple 13-in MacBook Review - A Pro in disguise?
Kaynak: PC Perspective İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The MacBook is a powerful laptop for its size, both in terms of processing power and graphics power. The RAM is a bummer, but generally not a deal-breaker. The MacBook is more expensive than most PC laptops of similar size, but it should be. Most 13.3 inch PC laptops are inferior in performance, display quality and overall build quality. Those few that are similar to the MacBook in these categories are typically no less expensive.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 08/25/2010
Puanlama: fiyat: 70%
70% MacBook Pro review
Kaynak: Techradar İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The mid-2010 13-inch MacBook Pro refresh represents a welcome upgrade for Apple's entry-level MacBook Pros, but retaining the Intel Core 2 Duo processors (for whatever reason) makes it a little underwhelming. We hope the dispute that kept the Core i-series chips out of this revision is quickly resolved, so the entire MacBook Pro range can leave behind the Core 2 Duos with the next release.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 06/10/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 70%
60% Apple Macbook Pro 13in 2.66GHz
Kaynak: Channel Web İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The lower end of the Macbook range gets a boost. While the top-end of Apple’s current line-up of laptop models uses Intel’s latest Core i5 and i7 processors, this model, the two 13in models instead use the older and less powerful Core 2 Duo chip. Very pleasant to use, but not quite cheap enough or powerful enough to be good value.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 05/30/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 60%
Apple Macbook Pro 13in 2.66GHz
Kaynak: Computer Active İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The lower end of the Macbook range gets a boost. While the top-end of Apple’s current line-up of laptop models uses Intel’s latest Core i5 and i7 processors, this model, the two 13in models instead use the older and less powerful Core 2 Duo chip. Very pleasant to use, but not quite cheap enough or powerful enough to be good value
60
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 05/30/2010
80% Apple MacBook (2010)
Kaynak: Laptop Mag İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Thanks to its stellar industrial design, superior ergonomics, and above-average performance and battery life, the 13-inch MacBook ($999) is a compelling buy. Both price- and performance-wise, this notebook falls between Windows-based competitors like the ASUS U30Jc ($899) and Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 ($1,049), but beats both in terms of endurance. The main question is whether you’ll want to spend an extra $200 on the 13-inch MacBook Pro, which has an SD Card slot, backlit keyboard, more RAM, and a sleeker aluminum chassis. If you can live without these amenities, the new MacBook is a very good value.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 05/26/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80%
70% MacBook, 2010
Kaynak: Mobile Tech Review İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
If you want Mac OS (and we can't blame you), and are on a budget, the MacBook is Apple's most affordable notebook. It's attractive, has a colorful and bright LED backlit display that's a great improvement over pre-unibody MacBook models and the updated graphics give the machine enough punch for light gaming. It's a fast and responsive machine whether running Windows 7 or Mac OS X, and the multi-touch trackpad is superb. If you're not wed to Mac OS, there are certainly compelling Windows laptops in the same price range with better specs, but few have the Mac's build quality. We do live in terror of the pure white finish that's scratchable and can stain. If you're rough on your computers, the MacBook unibody won't likely stay glossy and pretty for long. It is fairly impervious to dents and it is easy to wipe and clean though. Still, we wish Apple would find a way to toughen up the finish or move on to another one altogether (old black macbook, we miss you). Our advice? If you can afford $200 more, get the 13" MacBook Pro. You get so much more for that small sum including a durable metal casing, twice the RAM, a backlit keyboard, FireWire 800 and an SD card slot. Heck, upgrading the MacBook the RAM to 4 gigs alone will cost your around $120. The only drawback with the Pro version is the heat transfer through the bottom and to your lap-- it gets very hot while the non-Pro model stays cool.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 05/20/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 70%
83% Apple MacBook Pro 13
Kaynak: PC Pro İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Apple fans will be enraptured, but poor battery life in Windows limits its crossover appeal.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 05/11/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 83% fiyat: 67% performans: 67% özellikler: 83%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch (Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz)
Kaynak: PC Mag İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Updated components are all you'll get with the Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch (Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz) ($1,199 direct), but they can be compelling for many. If you bought the MacBook Pro 13-inch ($1,199 direct, ) last year, it isn't worth the upgrade. But if you're new to the MacBook Pro family, this is the ticket to portable computing bliss.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 05/05/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80%
MacBook Pro 13-inch Review (Early 2010)
Kaynak: Slashgear İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Apple’s recent MacBook Pro update brought a long awaited processor update and new GPU options, but much of the attention was lavished on the larger models in the company’s professional notebook range. In contrast, the 13-inch MacBook Pro saw a more modest refresh; check out the full SlashGear review after the cut.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 04/30/2010
performans: 60%
83% Apple MacBook Pro 13in review
Kaynak: It Pro İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
Apple’s new 2.66GHz MacBook Pro sports excellent network connections but it’s not so great if you need to connect a lot of USB peripherals. Unless you genuinely see a need for extra speed and don’t want to step up to a heavier 15in model, you’ll be just as happy with the 2.4GHz model. Put the considerable saving of £250 towards peripherals, an extended warranty or virtualisation software, and also bear in mind that Apple doesn’t bundle any office software even at this price. Otherwise the 13in MacBook Pro’s battery life under light use is an attractive proposition that will see you through the working day.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 04/28/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 83%
60% Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch 2010 review
Kaynak: T3 İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The 13-inch MacBook Pro is a fantastic laptop with better graphics performance than ever, but by opting for the older CPU’s, the 13-inch version isn’t the significant upgrade we wanted. At £1250, it's hard to recommend when you can get the regular 13-inch MacBook for £816, OK it isn't anywhere near as powerful, but is far better value. Alternatively if you stretch your budget to £1500, you can get the excellent 15-inch version instread.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Çok Kısa, Tarih: 04/27/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 60%
81% Apple MacBook Pro Spring 2010 (Core 2 Duo 2.4GHz, 4GB RAM, 250GB HDD, 13-inch)
Kaynak: CNet İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
The 2009 version of the 13-inch MacBook Pro was one of our favorite laptops, providing a great combination of design, performance, and battery life in a thin chassis. The new 13-inch MacBook Pro uses a faster version of last year's processor, but a graphics chip upgrade and better battery life give it more value for the same price.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 04/26/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 81% performans: 70% özellikler: 80% mobilite: 90%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 13-inch (2010)
Kaynak: Laptop Mag İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
By changing a few key components and optimizing them for its software, Apple has managed to once again drastically improve the 13-inch MacBook Pro. Not only does it perform much better than the previous version, its battery life has seen an impressive boost. If you’re looking to save a little money, the ASUS U30Jc-1A ($899), which has automatic switchable graphics, offers similar performance, but 30 minutes less battery life and a heavier chassis. Overall, though, the $1,199 13-inch MacBook Pro offers the best combination of performance, endurance, design, and smart software.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 04/26/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 13
Kaynak: Tech Advisor İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
If you already have the previous 13in Apple MacBook Pro, there's not a lot of reason to upgrade unless you simply must have the newest version of everything. The changes to the 13in line-up are mostly to do with improved graphics and battery life, and they aren't all that different from the year before - and it's somewhat hard to justify the £1,249 model based only on its larger hard drive and slightly faster processor, which didn't translate to much difference in our tests. To get the most from the new generation of MacBook Pros, you'll need to step up to the larger sizes, which take advantage of the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and their own graphics improvements.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 04/23/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80%
91% Apple MacBook Pro (13-Inch, 2010 Version)
Kaynak: Computer Shopper İngilizce EN→TR Archive.org version
At first glance, you may not notice anything different about Apple’s latest line of MacBook Pros, introduced in April 2010. The new models, which feature 13-, 15- and 17-inch screens, sport the same sleek, minimalist design, the same keyboard, and the same touch pad as the previous iteration. Apple takes what was already good and makes it even better, with the inclusion of a slightly better processor, improved graphics, and unbeatable battery life.
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 04/01/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 91%
91% Mobil und leistungsstark
Kaynak: ETM Testmagazin - 2/11 Almanca
Kıyaslama, , Uzunluk bilinmiyor, Tarih: 04/01/2011
Puanlama: Total Puan: 91%
88% Test: Apple MacBook Pro 13,3 Zoll 2,66 GHz (MC375D/A)
Kaynak: Chip.de Almanca DE→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 10/12/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 88% fiyat: 64% performans: 82% özellikler: 100% görüntü: 100% mobilite: 80% ergonomi: 82%
78% Test: Apple MacBook 13,3 Zoll 2,4 GHz (MC516D/A) (Notebook)
Kaynak: Chip.de Almanca DE→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Orta, Tarih: 07/14/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 78% fiyat: 60% performans: 77% özellikler: 81% görüntü: 92% mobilite: 73% ergonomi: 76%
88% Test Apple MacBook Pro 13" 2010-04 2.66 GHz Notebook
Kaynak: Notebookcheck Almanca DE→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 07/04/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 88% performans: 84% görüntü: 84% mobilite: 90% işcilik: 98% ergonomi: 94% emilim: 89%
Test: Macbook Pro 13 Zoll
Kaynak: Mac Welt Almanca DE→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzun, Tarih: 05/09/2010
Puanlama: fiyat: 40% performans: 50% görüntü: 50% mobilite: 80%
Marathon-Mac
Kaynak: c't - 12/10 Almanca
Tek İnceleme, , Orta, Tarih: 05/01/2010
Puanlama: fiyat: 80% görüntü: 50% mobilite: 80%
Testbericht - Macbook Pro 13" Mid 2010 Modell
Kaynak: Notebookforum.at Almanca DE→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 04/28/2010
Puanlama: performans: 80% görüntü: 50% mobilite: 90% işcilik: 90%
96% Mobile Spielkameraden
Kaynak: SFT - 4/10 Almanca
Kıyaslama, , Uzunluk bilinmiyor, Tarih: 03/01/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 96%
80% Apple Macbook Pro 13 : à pas feutrés
Kaynak: Erenumerique Fransızca FR→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Uzunluk bilinmiyor, Tarih: 05/28/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 80%
Лучшие ноутбуки 2010 года: Apple MacBook Pro
Kaynak: UPS Special RU→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 01/06/2011
90% Apple MacBook 13''
Kaynak: NotebookTV.hu HU→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Çok Kısa, Tarih: 03/29/2010
Puanlama: Total Puan: 90% fiyat: 70% performans: 80% görüntü: 100% mobilite: 90% işcilik: 100% ergonomi: 100% emilim: 80%
Test: Apple Macbook Air 13,3“
Kaynak: Datormagazin SV→TR Archive.org version
Tek İnceleme, online bulunabilirlik, Kısa, Tarih: 11/17/2010

Yorum

NVIDIA GeForce 320M: GT 216 çekirdeği üzerine kurulmuş harici belleğe sahip çipset grafik kartı. Core 2 Duo işlemcileri desteklemekte.

Sadece eski oyunlar bu grafik kartları ile akıcı bir şekilde (eğer yüksek bir sistem gereksinimi duymuyorlarsa) oynanabilir. Bu kategorideki paylaşımlı grafik çekirdekleri az ısınma ve daha uzun batarya ömrü gibi avantajlara sahip. Ofis, internet, şekil düzenleme ve video editleme gibi işlemler herhangi bir kısıtlama olmadan bu grafik kartları ile yapılabilir.


>> Daha fazla bilgi Mobil grafik kartları karşılaştırmamızda bulunabilir. ilgili Benchmark Listesi.


Intel Core 2 Duo: Daha fazla tüketime ihtiyaç duymayan ve daha uzun aktarım hatlarına sahip Core Duo ve Core Solo işlemcilerin yeni nesli. Core Duo dizanynına ek olarak 4. bir decoder, güçlendirilmiş SSE unitesi ve ek Aritmetik mantık ünitesi ( ALU ) mevcut.

Core 2 Duo Laptop işlemcileri masa üstü işlemcilerle benzer. Sadece daha düşük voltaj ile çalışmakta (0.95 Volt - 1188 Volt) ve daha düşük frontside bus saat hızına sahip (1066 MHz karşı 667 MHz). Aynı hıza sahip olsalarda laptop Core 2 Duo işlemcileri masa üstü versiyonlarına oranla daha düşük frontside bus ve yavaş hard disklerinden ötürü 20 - 25% daha yavaş.


P8600: Hızlı ama halen pahalı olan Dual Core işlemci. Çoğu oyun ve uygulama için yeterli olmakla beraber 25 Wattlık güç tüketimi ile küçük laptoplarda bile kullanılabilmekte.
>> Daha fazla bilgi Mobil işlemciler karşılaştırmamızda bulunabilir..


13.30":

Bu boyut subnotebooklar, ultrabooklar ve dönüştürülebilir modeller için kullanılıyor. Her üç tür için de bu boyut biraz büyük. Subnotebookların büyük çoğunluğu bu ekran büyüklüğüne sahip.

Büyük ekran boyutları yüksek çözünürlükleri mümkün kılıyor. Bu sayede yazım boyutu da büyüyebiliyor. Öte yandan küçük boyutlarda güç tüketimi azalmakla beraber; cihaz boyutu ve ağırlığın yanı sıra fiyat da ucuzluyor.


>> Görüntünün ne kadar iyi olduğunu görmek için DPI Listemize bakın.


2.04 kg:

Daha çok 12-16 inç ekran aralığındaki subnotebook, ultrabook ve hafif laptoplar bu ağırlıkta.


>> Daha fazla bilgi Notebook alma rehberimizde bulunabilir.

 

Please share our article, every link counts!

ile benzeşen laptoplar. Aynı özellikler

aynı GPU’lu laptoplar

Acer Aspire 5745PG-354G32Mn
GeForce 320M, Core i3 370M, 15.60", 2.7 kg

Aynı Ekran boyutunda ve/veya ağırlıkta laptoplar

Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M3 Pro
M3 Pro 14-Core GPU, M3 Apple M3 Pro 11-Core, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M3 Max
M3 Max 40-Core GPU, M3 Apple M3 Max 16-Core, 14.20", 1.611 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2023 M3 Pro
M3 Pro 18-Core GPU, M3 Apple M3 Pro 12-Core, 16.20", 2.137 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2023 M3 Max
M3 Max 40-Core GPU, M3 Apple M3 Max 16-Core, 16.00", 2.147 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M3
M3 10-Core GPU, M3 M3, 14.20", 1.525 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M2 Max
M2 Max 38-Core GPU, M2 M2 Max, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2023 M2 Pro
M2 Pro 16-Core GPU, M2 M2 Pro 10-Core, 16.20", 2.15 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M2 Pro
M2 Pro 19-Core GPU, M2 M2 Pro, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2023 M2 Max
M2 Max 38-Core GPU, M2 M2 Max, 16.20", 2.16 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2023 M2 Pro
M2 Pro 19-Core GPU, M2 M2 Pro, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2021 M1 Max 24-Core GPU
M1 Max 24-Core GPU, M1 M1 Max, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2021 M1 Pro
M1 Pro 16-Core GPU, M1 M1 Pro, 16.20", 2.153 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2021 M1 Max
M1 Max 32-Core GPU, M1 M1 Max, 16.20", 2.2 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 14 2021 M1 Pro Entry
M1 Pro 14-Core GPU, M1 M1 Pro 8-Core, 14.20", 1.6 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2019 i9 Vega 20
Radeon Pro Vega 20, Coffee Lake i9-9980HK, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2019 i9 5500M
Radeon Pro 5500M, Coffee Lake i9-9880H, 16.00", 2 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 16 2019 Base 5300M
Radeon Pro 5300M, Coffee Lake i7-9750H, 16.00", 2 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2019, i9 560X
Radeon RX 560 (Laptop), Coffee Lake i9-9880H, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2019 i7 555X
unknown, unknown, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2018 (2.2 GHz, 555X)
Radeon Pro 555X, Coffee Lake i7-8750H, 15.60", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2018 (2.9 GHz, 560X)
Radeon RX 560X (Laptop), Coffee Lake i9-8950HK, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2018 (2.6 GHz, 560X)
Radeon Pro 560X, Coffee Lake i7-8850H, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2017 (2.9 GHz, 560)
Radeon Pro 560, Kaby Lake i7-7820HQ, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2017 (2.8 GHz, 555)
Radeon Pro 555, Kaby Lake i7-7700HQ, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2016 (2.9 GHz, 460)
Radeon Pro 460, Core i7 6920HQ, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 2016 (2.7 GHz, 455)
Radeon Pro 455, Core i7 6820HQ, 15.40", 1.83 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 15 inch 2016
Radeon Pro 450, Core i7 6700HQ, 15.40", 1.807 kg
Fiyat Karşılaştırması
> Notebooklar Hakkında Aradığınız Herşey > Kütüphane > Apple > Apple MacBook Pro 13 inch 2010-04
Stefan Hinum, 2010-05- 2 (Update: 2010-11- 6)